Engine, pump, compressor, and the like



Feb. 14, 1928..

H. HEINRICH ENGINE, PUMP, COMPRESSOR, AND THE LIKE Filed Dec. 24. 1926 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Feb. 14, 1928. 1,658,803

H.- HEINRICH i ENGINE, PUMP, COMPRESSOR, AND THE LKE 4 Filed Dec. 24, 1926 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented Feb. 14,1928.

UNITED STATES HUGO HEINRICH, OF

ZWICKAU, GERMANY.

ENGINE, PUMP, COMPRESSOR, AND THE LIKE.

Application filed December 24, 1926, SerialijNo. 156,777, and in Germany November 27, 1925.

My invention relates to improvements in engines, pumps, compressors,.and the like, and more particularly in engines, pumps or compressors of the type comprising a 'fixed i cylinder and a movable 4cylindrical piston disposed eccentrically in the said cylinder and' including a` crescent-shaped working chamber divided by a transverse partition into two sections adapted alternately to receive and deliver the fluid, thesaid cylinder and piston being movable relatively to each other so as to cause the said crescent-shaped working chamber to be shifted around the cylinder and to increase and decrease the capacity of the sectional chambers.

One of theobjects of the present improvement-s is to provide an engine, pump or compressor of this type, in which rotary movement of the cylindrical piston is prevented, and in which the cylindrical piston encloses the said stationary cylinder, and in which the alternate increase and decrease of the' capacity of the said sectional chambers is brought about by imparting circular oscillating movement to the piston.

For the purpose of explaining the invention several examples'embodyingl the same are shown in the accompanying drawings, in which the same letters of reference have been used in all the views to indicate corresponding parts, and in which,

Fig. 1, is a sectional elevation showing the 'improv d apparatus in the forni in which lit acts as a compressor or pump, the section being taken on the line 1- 1 of Fig. 2,

Fig. 2, is a. sectional elevation taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1,

Figs. 3 and ,4 are similar views as Fig. 1 showing modifications,

Fig. 5, is a section taken on the line '5--5 of Fig. 4, Fig. 6, is a partial sectional elevation showing the stationary cylinder of another modification, an-d Fig. 7, is a sectional elevation taken on the line 7 -7 o'f Fig. 6.

According to Fig. 1, 1 is a substantially cylindrical casing supported by feet 61 oma suitable foundation. 2 are heads fixed to the two ends of the casing 1- and provided with inwardly directed concentric cylindrical pro.` jections 4. A shaft 43 is rotatably mounted in the heads 2 in anti-friction bearings 3. A

' guide member is xed to the shaft 43 coinprising a hub 9, a central web 62 and cylindrical anges 10 projecting from the web 62 on opposite sides, and being disposed eccenvided by radial partitions 7 into two sectional ychambers 6 and 6, the pistons 5 and the cylindrical projections 4 making contact with each other at one side, as is shown in Fig. 1. The partitions 7 are made integral with cylindrical hubs 7 rotatably mounted on the hub 9, anti-friction rollers 65 vbeing interposed between the hubs 9 and 7 .v

The heads 2 and the projections 4 are made hollow, and the chambers thus vpro'- vided are divided by radial partitions 66 and 67 into two chambers 68 and 69, adapted to alternately communicate with the sectional chambers 6 and 6. In the position of the pistons 5 shown in Fig. 1 the chamber 69 communicates with the sectional chamber. 6

through a port 1 5, and the chamber 68 com .municates with the chamber 6? through a port adapted to be closed by a spring pressed valve 16. 4The heads 2 are provided with tubular extensions 70 and 71 by means of which the `lchainbers 68 and 69 are connected to intake and delivery pipes.'

The partitions 7 extend-between the partitions 67, 67, and in order'to insure air-or liquid tight engagement between 'the parts, they are guided between a. pair of cylindrical boxes 8 rockingly mounted between cylindrical bearing faces formed on the partitions 67, 67.

In the preferred construction shown in the figures the hub 9 is not directly keyed .to the `shaft 43 but is mounted on eccentric disks 19 Hired to the said shaft and engaging eccentric bores 72 of the hub 9, the object ofthe said eccentric disks being to permitreadjustinent o f the member 9, 10 and the pistons 5 in case of wear.` It will be understood that the outer circumferences of the cylindrical projections 4 must always be in tight engagement with the inner cylindrical circumferences of the pistons 5, because otherwise the fluid would be able to flow from the sectional chamber 6 into the-sectional chamber 6.A lf the said cylindrical faces are worn, the eccentric disks 19 are readjustedon the shaft 43 4and within the hub 9, so that the pistons and cylinders are again in close engagement.

ln my improved apparatus, rotary movement of the pistons 5 is made impossible. To show what may Ibe done, the said pistons are connected by links 13 to relatively fixed points 74, the said links permitting merely an oscillating movement of the pistons 5.

As to the operation of the apparatus it will be assumed that the apparatus acts as a pump. When the shaft 43 is rotated by means of a belt passing over a belt pulley 14 in the direction ofthe arrow m shownin Fig. 1, the member 9, 10 is rotated in the same direction, and acts through the intermediary of the anti-friction rollers 11 on the pistons 5. Therefore the said pistons are pressed upwardly at their bottom sides and towards the axis of the shaft 43, the partition 7 being simultaneously retracted inwardly by being mounted on the hub 9. Thus, the points of contact between the pistons 5 andthe cylinders 4 gradually move from the position -shown in Fig. 1 in the direction of' the arrow w, thus reducing the volume of the chambers 6 and propelling the fiuid confined therein through the valves 16, the chambers 68, and the tubular members 70. Simultaneously, the volume confined Within the chambers 6 is increased, so that the fluid is taken into the same through the ports 15, the chambers 69 and the tubular intake passages 71. After the said point of contact has passed beyond the delivery valves 16 and the ports 15, conditions are reversed,

the valves. 16 being now connected with the sectional chambers 6, and the ports l5 with the sectionalchambers 6. The capacity of the chambers 6 is gradually increased, an that of the chambers 6 decreased, so that fiuid is n'ow taken into the sectional chambers 6 and 'through the portsl, while the fluid' within the chambers 6 'is first compres`ed and thereafter delivered thrugh the valves 16. Y

It will be understood that the said operation of alternately increasing and decreasing the capacity of the sectional chambers 6 and 6" is performed without rotary movement being imparted to the pistons 5, such rotary movement-being prevented by Ithe links 13 permitting only oscillating movement of the pistons. Therefore, the sliding surfaces 17 and 18 which in connection wlth the partitions 7 and the point of contact of ythe two circular -peripheries -enclose the` working chambers, have, even when the engine is i l running at a high number of revolutions, a comparatively low speed, and will therefore bear a packing pressure which renders the packing effective. l

The drawing shows the machine or engine as a twin arrangement so as to mutually oppose the axial pressures, but it is obvious that the machine or engine may also be built as a single cylinder machine or engine in which the axial pressures are taken up hy ball bearings or the like, which are then supported against the casing or the covers.

In the construction so far described, rotarymovement of thepiston 5 is prevented by means of the link 13 which is pivotally mounted on the fixed point 74. Now, when the movement of the piston is followed it will be understood that the bottom part thereof is moved substantially along a circle, the center of which coincides with the fixed point 74, while all the other points, and more particularly the top part. of the piston have, in addition, a horizontal movement. The horizontal movement of the top part of the piston is comparatively larve, and-it is double that of the portions of t e piston-i intersected by a horizontal plane passing through the axis of the pump. Therefore the resistance by inertia of the piston is comparatively large.

In Fig. 3, I have shown a modification in which the said resistance by inertia is reduced, so that the pump or engine can be operated at higher velocity. As shown in the said figure, the means for preventing rotary movement of the pistons are constructed so that all the points have the same' oscillatory paths. As shown in the said figure, the pistons 5 carry at diametrically opposite parts, trunnions 20 which are longitudinally slidable in sleeves 22 fixed to or made integral with a member 23 carrying further sleeves 22 guided on trunnions 21 fixed to the wall of the casing l. Therefore, when the pistons 5 are operated in the manner described with reference to Figs. 1

d and 2 by means of the eccentric flanges 10,

rotary movement of the pistons is prevented by the trunnions 20, while oscillatory movement is permitted by the said trunnions being axia ly shiftable in the sleeves 22, and the sleeves 22 being axially shiftable on the trunnions 21. Thus all the points of the pistons perform circular oscillatory movements which are equal to the circular path of'the eccentric axis of the pistons 5 around the axis of the shaft 43. The member 23 provides a link having the same function as the link 13 shown in Fig. 1, in which however, the length of the link in a geometrical sense is innite.

Otherwise, the construction of the machine isthe same as has been described with reference to Figs. 1 and 2.

In Figs. 4 and 5, I have shown a modifi- .mounted, which carlzies a pulley 86.

ary cylinder, the sleeve carrying the'trans verse partition 7 providing the piston of the l said cylinder.

As shown in the said figures, the apparatus comprises a cylindrical casing 8O provided at one end with a hollow head 82 and at its opposite end with a head 88. In antifriction bearings 84 a rotary shaft 85 is The hollow head 82 is made integral'with a hollow cylinder 87 which extends inwardly from the said lhead to a plane spaced from the head 83, and which is disposed concentrically of the shaft 85. 'lo the` shaft 85 an eccentric cylindrical member 88 is keyed, which provides a bearing for-a sleeve 89 made integral with a radial partition 90 eX- tending through a pair of segmental cylindrical blocks 91 rockingly mounted in cylinand member 88.

drical bearing. faces 92 provided in the cylinder 87, anti-friction bearings 93 being preferably interposed between the sleeve 89 The cylinder 87.is surrounded by acylindricabpiston 94 bearing with a fiange 95 onthe inner face- 97 of the liead 82, and formed with an inwardly projecting flange 98, lby means of which it is rigidly connected with the sleeve 89.

- rllie outer surface of the cylinder 87 and the inner surface of the piston 94 are in con` tact with eac-h other along a line travelling in the operation of the apparatus circumferentially around the cylinder. Thus, a crescent-shaped chamber is provided between the said cylinder and piston, which is divided by the partition 90 and the said line of contact into two sectional chambers and 101. In a similar way, the outer circumference of thersleeve 89 makes contact with one line with the inner circumference of the cylinder 87, and the crescent-shaped chamber thus produced between the outer circumference of the sleeve 89 and the inner .circumference of the cylinder` 87 is divided by the inner portion of the partition 90 and lt e said line of contactinto two chambers 102 and 103. Within the hollow cylinder B7 four longitudinal segmentalpassages 104, 105, 106 and 107are formed, and the passages 104 and 105 may communicate through valves 108 and 109'each with one of the sectional chambers 100, 101 and 102, 103, while the passages 106 and 107 may communicate with the same chambersfthrough ports 110 and 111. The said passages 104, 105, 106 and 107 are in communication with the interior of the head '82, and they are separated from each other by suitable partition walls.

The chambers thus produced within the head..

82 mayl be connected with pipes (not shown) for supplying and delivering the fluid thereto Thus, when the apparatus is operated as a pump'or compressor, the passage 107 communicates with the .supply of the liquid or' as, which upon operation of the piston 94 1n the direction of the arrow g/ is taken into the chamber 100. After the line of contact between the piston 94 and the outer circumference of the cylinder 87 has passed beyond the valves 108, lthe liquid or gas` confined Within the chamber 100 is delivered into the passage 104:

Rotary movement of the piston 94 is prevented by suitable means, Fig. 4 showing a link 112. But I wish it to be understood that other means may be provided in lieu of the Said link, and that in the preferred construction the ,mechanism shown in Fig. 3 is provided in the apparatus illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5. f

`In workshop lconstructions it is always difiicult to work the machine in such a way that the circumferences of the inner piston 89 and of the outer piston 94 are simultaneously and permanently in contact with the corresponding surfaces of the stationary hollow cylinder 87. Play will ensue particularly when after considerable use the inthat the Contact surfaces referred to should Y run together under a certain tension. Figsg and 7 show an arrangement which overcomes the ditliculties indicated. The general construction of the machine or engine is the same as that above described. The difference is to be found in the fact that the sleeve 11,5, which forms the inner piston, and the outer piston 116 are constructed apart each being controlled by special eccentric cams. On the 4 -centricity as the eccentric cam 118 or any other eccentricity.

Both eccentricities are adjustable in themlili selves in order to ensure a proper fitting together of the circumferences encircling the working chamber. For this purpose eccentric bushings 123 are arranged on the shaft'y 117, the eccentric cam 118 being adjustably fixed to said bushings. The driving ring, or cylinder, also lies on two eccentric ,bushings 125 and 126, of which 126 is keyed to the shaft and 125 is adjustably mounted on 126. Fig. 6 shows a cross section through the inner chamber of the machine, or eugine, on an enlarged scale, in order to show clearly the inode of varying the eccentricity.

',lhe eccentric bushings 123 having anl eccen- .tricity 127 is firmly keyed to the shaft 117,

Cil

and on-123 is the adjustable eccentric cam 118 having an eccentricity 128. In the position shown on the drawing, the machine, or engine, thus has the relative eccentricit 129. If the eccentric cam 118 is rotate the eccentricity 128 also moves in a circle around the centre of the eccentric cam 123 and increases or diminishes the relative eccentricity 129,-so that the circumference of the sleeve 115 can be brought towards the yinner circumference ot the hollow cylinder 130. The same method can be applied absolutely independently with respect to Ithe outer piston, as the driving ring or cylinder likewise may be mounted on two diierent eccentrics 125 and 126 one within the other, so that the eccentricity ot' the driving ring or cylinder can also be altered as desired.

The working chambers 131 and 132 have different dimensions, the proportions of which aredetermined by the selected internal and external diameter of the stationary cylinder 130. Thus, the greatest economy possible in working the machine, or engine, is also attained with a twostage expansion of the power medium or compression of the working medium. It is also possible to ar range the working chambers in such a way that they act in parallel, by,` which means the eiliciency of the machine or engine is increased. v

So tar it has been assumed that the apn paratus is used as a pump or compressor.

If it is used as an engine, the driving fluid` is of course supplied in the reverse direction. For example, in Fig. 1, the ldriving Huid is supplied through the valve- 16, suitable mechanism being provided for opening'and closing the said valve at the proper time. The pressure fluid admitted to the sectional chamber 6 tends to enlarge the said chamber, thus rotating the piston 5 in a direction opposite to the arrow w. Thus the line of contact between the piston 5 and the cylinder 4 travels around the cylinder until it passes the port 15, whereupon the fluid-escapes through the port 15.

` plied to the apparatus s In a similar. way the pressure fluid is supown in Figs. 3 to 7 While in the above description of the invention reference has been made to particular embodiments thereof I 4wish it to be un derstood that my invention is of course not limitedto these constructions as obviously various changes may be made in the general arrancement of the apparatus and the construction of its parts' without departing from the invention.

I claim:

1. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination' with a casing, of a fixed cylinder and a movable cylindrical piston eccentrically mounted one within the other and in contact with each other along a line parallel to their axes so as to providea crescent-shaped working chamber, a cylindrical guidemember rotatably mounted in said casing, a artition wall extending transversely throug said working chamber and yieldable in radial direction, means to impart oscillating movement to said piston for causing the said line of contact to travel around said cylinder, means preventing rotary movement ot' said piston while permitting the said oscillating movement thereof, and a fluid supply and discharge to and from the sections ot' the crescentshaped working chamber separated from cach other by said partition. l

2. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination with a casing, of a fixed cylinder, a movable cylindrical piston eccentric-ally mounted around said cylinder and in contact therewith along a line parallel to its axis so,as to provide a crescent-shaped working chamber, a cylindrical guide member ro tatably mounted in said casing, a partition wall extending transversely through said working chamber and yieldable in radial direction, means to impart oscillating movement to said piston for causing the said line of contact to travel around said cylinder, a link connected to said piston preventing its rotary movement while permitting oscillating movement thereof, and a fluid supply and discharge to and from the sections o the crescent-shaped working chamber separated from each other by said artition.

3. In an apparatus o the class described,l

the combination with. a-casing, of a fixed cylinder, a movable cylindrical iston eccen trically mounted around said cy inder and in contact therewith along a line parallel to its axis so as to provide a crescent-shaped Workingchamber, a cylindrical guide member rotatably mounted in said cylinder, a partition wallA extending transversely through said working chamber and'yieldable in radial direction, means to impart oscillating movement to said piston for pausing the said line of contact to travel around said cylinder, mechanism connected with. said piston for guiding the same so that each point thereof moves through a circle having a radius equal to the eccentricity of the piston relatively to the cylinder, and a fluid supply and discharge to and from the sections of the `crescentshaped working chamber separated from each other by said partition.

4. In an apparatus of the class described.,`

the combination with a casing, of al fixed cylinder, a movable cylindrical `piston eccentriloll cally mounted around said cylinder and in l contact therewith along a line parallel to its axis so as to provide a crescent-shaped work-4 ing chamber, a cylindricalI ide member rotatably mounted in said cylinder, a'partition wall extending transversely through said Working chamber and yieldable inradial direction, means to impart oscillating movement to said piston for causing the said line of the link, and a fluid supply and discharge of Contact to travel around said cylinder, a to and from the sections of the crescentlink mounted on a relatively ixed part for shaped Working chamber separated from 10 moving transversely of'the axis of said piseach other by said partition.

5 ton and connected with said piston for per- In testimony whereof I have aihxed my mitting movement thereof 1n a2 direction signature. transverse of the said direction of movement HUGO HEINRICH. 

